Methane is a potent greenhouse (heat trapping) gas with a global warming potential that is 25 times greater than carbon dioxide (EPA, 2015a). methane emissions in 2013 (EPA gas portion). Landfills are the second largest human-caused source of methane in the United States, accounting for approximately 18.2 percent of U.S. LFG (landfill gas) is a natural byproduct of the decomposition of organic material in anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions. Finally, the sections present an overview of the landfill gas modeling that might be applied to estimate landfill gas composition. It also provides information about how landfill gas moves and travels away from the landfill site. The following sections provides background information about landfill gas: what it is composed of, how it is produced, why landfill gas monitoring is important, and the conditions that affect its production. It includes how to determine if a landfill gas need to be monitored, and guidelines or requirements for gas collection system, gas control device, and compliance schedule, and device removal. And one or two techniques for near surface monitoring and emissions monitoring are introduced.įinally, the Landfill Gas Monitoring Regulations are introduced at the end. In this report, soil gas monitoring is discussed in detail, including installation and sampling methods. Surface monitoring and subsurface monitoring focus on the concentration of landfill gas, such as methane. Also, there are “intersections” in these monitoring activities, for example, emissions monitoring, can be a surface monitoring or a subsurface monitoring, and the monitoring parameters and techniques for ambient air and indoor air are very similar.Įmissions monitoring focuses on the measurement of gas emission rate flux chambers are usually used for emissions monitoring. There are too many monitoring techniques of each category to discuss all of them in detail in this report. Soil gas monitoring (Subsurface monitoring). Generally, all gas monitoring activities can be classified into five categories: To choose proper monitoring methods, many factors should be considered, such as landfill types, site conditions, regulatory requirements, costs, but most importantly, the objective of monitoring, or the parameters to be monitored. These methods vary for different landfills. In this context, there are lots of landfill gas monitoring methods. The goal of landfill gas monitoring is to detect the presence of gas, and to predict the quantity of gas as well as location in which to expect high gas concentrations. The former is landfill gas modeling while the latter is landfill gas monitoring. In order to reduce risk from landfill gas hazards, engineers generally use two methods to quantify gas emissions from landfill: they either estimate the emissions or measure them. However, adverse environmental effects of landfill gas are increasingly being felt today. In addition, a number of factors influence the quantity of gas that a MSW landfill generates and the components of that gas. Landfill gas, which has approximately 50 percent methane and 50 percent carbon dioxide with trace components, is produced through bacterial decomposition, volatilization and chemical reactions. Landfill gas monitoring is therefore a critical concern for landfill operators and has become part of the legal requirements for the design, operation, and closure. Landfill gas emissions can cause serious problems that are now widely known, especially when the gases, after escaping from the site, accumulate in enclosed spaces where they can present a latent hazard, giving rise to explosions under the certain conditions.
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